What is?!
C++ is a language created by Bjarne Stroustrup. It is one of the most common programming languages used today.
It is an attempt to add object oriented (OO) functionality to the CLanguage. In fact, early C++ compilers translated C++ code to C code before compiling, and today you will find that most C++ compilers handle C code as well. (This is why a lot of people still refer to C/C++ as one rather than two languages.)
From its early developments, C++ has grown to a very powerful, but also a rather complex language while still retaining near-complete backward compatibility with C. C++ now includes some form of genericity through the use of function and class templates, which are essentially functions and classes that are parameterized by a type. It also includes namespaces, to avoid name clashes, and an efficient exceptions mechanism. The core language has been standardized in ANSI and ISO organisations. The standard also includes a generic library of data structures known as the Standard Templates Library.
Resources
Dev-C++ --A Windows IDE (IntegratedDevelopmentEnvironment) with the MingW port of GCC.
C Programming.com --Info about C/C++, including tutorials.
Teach Yourself C++ in 21 Days --eBook of the book by the same name.
The C++ Programming Language --The definitive C++ book, written by the creator of the language. Although like K&R in this respect, it is reputed not to be anywhere near as useful for learning C++ as K&R is for C.
Thinking In C++ Vol. 1 and Vol. 2 --This was what my friend who got me into programming recomended, _still_ haven't read it...though I plan to one of these days...
GameDev --Tutorials and articles on game development, lots of info on C++ related game dev.
Win32, C++, VC++ resources - CoderSource.net --Win32, C++, MFC articles using VC++ compiler and other associated Windows based C++ compilers with sufficient sample programs are provided in this site.